Signs And Symptoms Of Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia,is a condition in which excessive amounts of glucose circulating in the blood plasma. This generally glucose level higher than 11.1mmol/l (200 mg/dl), but symptoms may not be felt until a higher value such as 15-20 mmol/l (~ 250-300 mg/dl). 

  Signs and symptoms (Hyperglycemia)

A subject with a consistent range between ~ 5.6 and ~ 7 mmol/l (100-126 mg/dl) (American Diabetes Association Guidelines) are considered Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar levels, while above 7 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) is generally held to have diabetes. Chronic levels exceeding 7 mmol/l (125 mg/dl) can result in damage to the organ.

Definition of Hyperglycemia

This is important for patients to monitor their glucose levels at home to find out which unit of measurement kits that they use. Glucose levels measured by either:

• Millimoles per liter (mmol/l) is the standard SI unit is used in most countries around the world.

• milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) is used in some countries like the United States, Japan, France, Egypt and Colombia. This can be obtained approximately by multiplying mmol/L of 18.

Scientific journals are moving towards the use of mmol/l; Some journals now use mmol/l as the primary unit but quote mg/dl in parentheses.

Glucose levels vary before and after meals, and in several times a day; the definition of "normal" varies among medical professionals. In General, the normal range for most people (fasting adults) was approximately 80-110 mg/dl or mmol/l. 4-6 (where 80 mg/dl is the "optimal".) A subject with a consistent range above 126 mg/dl or 7 mmol/l is generally believed to have high blood sugar, while a consistent range below70 mg/dl or 4 mmol/l are considered hypoglycemic. In people fasting plasma blood glucose, adults must not exceed 126 mg/dL. Sustained higher levels of blood sugar cause damage to blood vessels and organs are in supply, which leads to complications of diabetes.

High blood sugar or Hyperglycemia Chronicle can be measured via the HbA1c test.The definition of acute hyperglycemia varies according to the study, with mmol/l level of 8-15.

 

 Signs and symptoms Hyperglycemia

While the Hyperglycemia is generally benign and without symptoms arise. Blood glucose levels can rise well above normal for a significant period without producing permanent effects or symptoms. However, chronic hyperglycemia at a rate more than a little above normal can produce serious complications are very diverse over the years, including kidney damage, nerve damage, heart damage, damage to the retina or damage the feet. Diabetic neuropathy may be the result of long-term high blood sugar.

In diabetes mellitus (by far the most common cause of high blood sugar or Hyperglycemia Chronicle), treatment by controlling blood glucose levels approaching normal, to avoid serious long-term complications. This is done with a combination of proper diet, regular exercise, and by other drugs such as insulin or Metformin, etc.

Acute hyperglycemia involves a very high glucose level is a medical emergency and can rapidly produce serious complications (such as loss of fluids through the osmotic diuresis). It is most often seen in people who suffer from insulin-dependent diabetes, uncontrolled.

  

The following symptoms may be associated with high blood sugar or Hyperglycemia acute or chronic, with three stacked triad classic hyperglycemia:

• Polifagia-frequent hunger

• Polydipsia-frequent thirst, especially excessive thirst

• Poliuria-increased volume of urination

• Blurred vision

• Fatigue (drowsiness) [clarification needed]

• Weight loss

• A poor wound healing (cuts, scrapes, etc.)

• Dry mouth

• Dry or itchy Skin

• Tingling in the foot or the heel

• Erectile dysfunction

• Recurrent infections, infections of the outer ear

• Cardiac Arrhythmia

• Fainting

• Comma

• Seizures

Frequent hunger without other symptoms can also indicate that the blood sugar levels are too low. This can occur when a person has diabetes uses too much insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs. The results of blood sugar levels decrease to below the normal range results in the starvation response appears. Hunger is not usually evident as in type I diabetes, but oral hypoglycemic medication prescription makes it difficult to control it.

Polydipsia and poliuria occurs when blood glucose levels rise high enough to produce excess glucose excretion through the kidneys, leading to the presence of glucose in urine. This produces osmotic diuresis.

 Signs and symptoms of Ketoacidosis diabetikum could include:

• Ketoacidosis

• Kussmaul hyperventilation: rapid breathing

• confusion or decreased level of consciousness

• Dehydration because glikosuria and osmotic diuresis

• acute Hunger and/or thirst

• Smelly breath

• the decline in cognitive function, along with an increased feeling of sad and anxiety

Causes Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus

In diabetes mellitus, high blood sugar is usually caused by low levels of insulin (type 1 Diabetes mellitus) and/or resistance to insulin at the cellular level (Diabetes mellitus type 2), depending on the type and State of the disease. Lower insulin levels and/or insulin resistance prevent the body from converting glucose into glycogen (a source of starch such as energy stored mostly in the liver), which in turn makes it difficult or not able to remove excess glucose from the blood. With normal glucose levels,the total amount of glucose in the blood at any given moment only enough to provide energy for the body for 20-30 minutes, so glucose levels should be appropriately managed by the internal control mechanisms of the body. When the mechanism is failing in a way that allows glucose to rise to normal levels, high blood sugar is the result.

Medicinal Drugs

Certain medications increase the risk of disease high blood sugar, including corticosteroids, octreotide, beta blockers, thiazide diuretics, epinefrin, niacin, pentamidin, protease inhibitors, L-asparaginase, and some drugs antipsychotic. Acute administration of stimulants such as amphetamines usually results in high blood sugar; Chronicuse, however, resulting in hypoglycemia. Some new, such as psychotropic medication Zyprexa (Olanzapine) and Cymbalta (Duloxetine), can also cause high blood sugarsignificantly.

Critical Illness

The majority of patients suffering from acute stress such as stroke or heart attack may develop signs of Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar, even in the absence of a diagnosis of diabetes. (Possible stroke or heart attack caused by inducing high blood sugar and diabetes are undiagnosed.) Human and animal research suggests that this is not benign, and effect of stress Hyperglycemia is associated with a high risk of death after a stroke and a heart attack.

The following conditions also may be a cause of high blood sugar in the absence of diabetes. 1) Thyroid dysfunction, adrenal, pituitary and pituitary gland. 2) Various diseases of the pancreas. 3) Blood glucose Increase the weight can be seen in certain infections and sepsis. 4) Intracranial disease (often overlooked) can also cause high blood sugar. Encephalitis, brain tumors (mainly located near the pituitary gland), brain bleeds, and meningitis is a prime example.

Complications of Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar can be a serious problem if not treated in time. In the untreated hyperglycemia, a condition called Ketoacidosis (in contrast to ketosis) can happen. Ketoacidosis occurs when the body does not have enough insulin. Without insulin, the body is unable to utilize the glucose to fuel for energy, so the body begins to break down fat for energy.

Ketoacidosis is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment. Symptoms include: shortness of breath, breath that smells fruity, nausea and vomiting, and the mouth is very dry. Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) hurt in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes and is highly associated with heart attacks and death in subjects without coronary heart disease or a history of heart failure.

Treatment Of Hyperglycemia

The treatment of high blood sugar needs to address the cause, such as diabetes. Acute hyperglycemia can be treated by administering insulin directly in many cases. Severe high blood sugar can be treated with oral hypoglycemic therapy and lifestylemodification

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