Risk Factors for Diabetes Type 1,2,And Gestational Diabaetes

Risk Factors for Diabetes -The term diabetes mellitus (diabetes or diabetes) refers to a group of diseases that result in the amount of sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream is higher than normal.

Risk Factors for Diabetes

Diabetes occurs as a result of lack of or do not satisfy the production of insulin, a hormone that helps glucose entry into cells in type 1 diabetes, the pancreas cells that produce insulin are destroyed, so insulin is not produced. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas can produce insulin, at least at first, but the body's cells resist insulin, causing the body must produce extra insulin so glucose entry into cells. when the pancreas can no longer produce enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, the diagnosis of diabetes is enforced.

Diabetes can lead to many complications, including heart disease, eye problems, kidney failure, neurological symptoms, amputation of the foot, and more.

There are three kinds of diabetes mellitus:

• Type 1 Diabetes, responsible for about 5 to 10 percent of all cases occurs as a result of damage to the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. The majority of cases began in childhood with symptoms of weight loss, unexplained fatigue, thirst and excessive urination, and blurred vision. Type 1 diabetes can also be diagnosed in adults, although less common. Type 1 diabetes requiring insulin therapy.

• Type 2 Diabetes, which accounts for about 90 percent of cases of diabetes, often associated with excess body weight. Most cases occur in adults, but these events rose rapidly in children, due to the increase in obesity levels. Type 2 diabetes is often accompanied with hypertension and high cholesterol. Although some patients with type 2 diabetes require insulin injections, mostly treated with oral medications. Symptoms tend to be much lighter in comparison with type 2 type 1 when the disease first appeared, but the complications of type 2 diabetes often occur and can be life-threatening.

• Diabetes mellitus gestational is responsible for about 2 percent of cases of diabetes. As the name suggests, diabetes gestational first appeared during pregnancy. A hormone secreted by the placenta – estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone corticotrophin-releasing, hormones, prolactin and insulin function – reduce, resulting in high blood sugar. Treatment with dietary changes and/or drugs (usually insulin) is very important to prevent fetal complications. Although the blood sugar levels are usually normal after birth, many women with diabetes gestational eventually develop type 2 diabetes.

Risk Factors

Risk Factors for Diabetes

 Risk factors for type 1 diabetes includes:

• family history: when a relative of the family (parents, children, siblings) has diabetes, the risk of developing type 1 diabetes is about 10 to 15 percent. Many possible genes are being investigated.

• Exposure to cow's milk proteins: the consumption of cow's milk in early childhood have been investigated as a contributing factor.

• Viral infection in the fetus or in childhood

• Birth weight greater than 4.49 kg

• Preeclampsia (high blood pressure in pregnant women)

• Born by a mother older than 25 years

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:

• Family history of type 2 diabetes in the family of first degree (parent, child, sibling)or both (uncle, aunt, grandfather, grandmother, grandchild, nephew)

• Older age

• Abdominal Obesity

Read also:Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes-How To Overcome it

• History of diabetes gestational

• The presence of hypertension and high cholesterol

• Race and ethnicity: African-Americans, Latinos, American Indians/Alaska natives, as well as Asia and the Pacific Islands have a greater risk.

Risk factors for gestational diabetes or gestational listed below.

In addition, individuals of Asian, African descent, native Americans, and Hispanics have a greater risk for diabetes gestational compared to non-Hispanic whites. Risk factors for diabetes gestational overlap with type 2 diabetes.

• Family history of type 2 diabetes in a first degree relative (parent, child, sibling)

• A history of high blood sugar

• Use of steroids during pregnancy

• Polycystic ovarian syndrome

• Age over 25 years

• Weight before getting pregnant at least 10 percent above ideal body Weight

• The child has previously had a birth weight greater than 4 kg

• Maternal birth weight greater than 4 kg or less of 2.72 kg

Diagnosis

• The inspection begins with a medical history and physical examination.

• Blood glucose Test will be done. Testing can be done either randomly, fasting, or as part of the glucose tolerance test, which measures blood glucose after a patient swallows syrup sugar tests.

• In patients with diabetes, blood tests for levels of hemoglobin A1c be used to follow the adequacy of blood sugar control. This gives a fairly accurate measurement will average blood sugar over the past two to three months earlier. Lower risk of complications in patients who maintain the A1c values lower.

• In some patients, type 1 diabetes can be confirmed with a blood examination that identifies antibodies directed against the pancreas. However, there is no test for type 2 diabetes in addition to the measurement of blood sugar.

• Screening for  gestational diabetes is part of routine prenatal examinations. Screening usually takes place between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy and involves blood sugar test is the same as with other types of diabetes.

Treatment

Diet and lifestyle interventions are important for patients with all types of diabetes mellitus (see Diet for sufferers of Diabetes Mellitus). Education for diabetes self-management, which includes self monitoring of blood glucose, is an important component of treatment.

For all types of diabetes, blood sugar control is good to lowers the risk of complications. It is important to be aware that certain medications (e.g. Beta-blockers, steroids, diuretics, tiazid and oral contraceptives) can lead to high blood sugar.

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