Insulin Definition- Structure, And Function of Insulin Secretion

Definition Of Insulin

What is insulin?. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone form of natural hormone produced by the pancreas organ (beta cells), which functions in regulating carbohydrate metabolism and blood sugar levels (glucose) in thebody.

Insulin Definition

When people have no insulin, or if the body does not respond to insulin (e.g. On the disease of diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2), treatment with insulin can help the body maintain blood glucose levels under normal circumstances. The levels of glucose in the blood called excessive hyperglycemia and can be detrimental in a long period of time.

The Molecular Structure Of Insulin

The structure of insulin molecule consists of two peptide chains namely chains A and B Both chains ,chains connected by disulfide bonds, and 2 disulfide addition formed in chains a. Most species, A chain consisting of 21 amino acids and chain B composed of 30 amino acids.

The Process Of Insulin Secretion

How insulin formation mechanism?. Insulin is secreted from the pancreas β-cells in response to an increase in plasma glucose. Hormone insulin decreases the production of glucose from the liver, and increases the absorption of glucose, utilization and storage of fat and muscle. Fat cells are important in the regulation of metabolism, then let go of the FFA (free fatty acids – fatty acid free) which reduces the absorption of glucose in muscle, insulin secretion of β, and increases the production of glucose from the liver. Fat cells can also secrete adipokines as leptin, adiponektin and TNF, which regulate food intake, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity.

Insulin Function 

The main function of insulin is to counter some of the functions of the hormones that cause hyperglycemia and coincided in the retaining the amount of glucose in the blood remain normal. In addition to its function in regulating glucose metabolism, insulin also serves to:

• Stimulate the onset of synthesis fatty acids (fatty acids), which is the enzyme acetyl ko-A converted into fatty acids. This is called lipogenesis.

• Increase the transport of amino acids into the cells.

• decrease the breakdown of lipids (FAT) called lipolysis.

• Modulate transcription and stimulate the removal of proteins, DNA synthesis, cell growth, and a doubling of cells, all of which are related to the function of growth.

Drugs Insulin (Injection)

There are some people who experience the disorder of metabolism in producing insulin or even that is not C at all with the insulin produced by the body, for example in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Therefore,it takes insulin taken from outside in the form of the drug. Commonly used insulin in the form of a liquid that was injected into the subcutaneous tissue. Why in the subcutaneous? Due to the subcutaneous tissue in the abdomen, for example, more easily absorb the subcutaneous insulin and in the abdomen more consistently from other locations (see how do I use insulin).

Diabetes Mellitus  patients, especially type 1, with the blood glucose rises, the pancreas is not able to produce enough insulin, the insulin therapy is needed. While the type 2, the patient can indeed produce insulin, but but the cells throughout the body is not able to respond normally to insulin it produces. So here the insulin necessary to overcome the resistance of the cells to insulin, so as to prevent or reduce the presence of long term complications later on, such as the event of a failure of the blood vessels in the body (vaskulopati), damage to the eyes (diabetic retinopathy), kidney (renal diabetes), or nerve damage (neuropathy).

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